I was interested to happen across mention within Aeschylus’ ‘Agamemnon’, for Zeus as an Archer; and, indeed, with this phrasing deployed in the context of His acting as an avenger against transgressions upon that which is holy.

The Sky Father is prevalently a Spear-armed figure; however one also finds attestations across various Indo-European spheres for Him as wielding Bow and Arrow – and with that aforementioned especial pertinence as Defender (or ‘Avenger’) of that which is sacred as seeming pattern to various of these, as well.

The emblematic exemplar is, of course, Rudra – I have often referenced RV X 125 6, wherein the Bow of Rudra (“Rudrāya Dhanur”) with its dread Arrow (“śarave”) is aimed to smite the “brahmadviṣe”, the hostile to Religious elements; and, likewise, that situation extolled at (for instance) RV X 61 7, viz. Rudra as “Vāstoṣ Patiṃ” (Lord of the Ritual Enclosure) is the “Vratapāṃ”, the Protector (“Pā”) of (Divine) Law (“Vrata-“), again pointedly with an Arrow (ref. Ait. Br. III 33 5, where “iṣu” forms are utilized viz. the Trikāṇḍā). Rudra, as I am sure we are all very well aware, being a Deific Who is depicted / described as an Archer – but also as wielding a Spear; and with evident ‘overlap’ for these elements (that TriKanda, for instance, ‘Three-Arrow’, resonating also to His TriShula – ‘Three-Spear’)

This ‘overlap’ for Spear and Bow/Arrow is as we should expect; and not simply due to the situation of both weapons, in the hands of the Sky Father, being there to present in human-appreciable terms, something like the Thunderbolt (i.e. it’s the underlying element which matters – and as this is frequently via necessity a ‘ranged’ conception, well so too the human weaponry thusly utilized for its symbolic register).

After all, both thrown Spear and shot Arrow are sharp+length ‘shafts’ reaching out at range, and both Spear and Bow are lengths held in the hand not unlike a staff. The latter, particularly, can find expression of its coterminity via the definitional field of Sanskrit ‘Pināka’ – per Monier-Williams, “a staff or bow, (esp.) the staff or bow of Rudra-Śiva, […] Śiva’s trident or three-pronged spear” (as you can see, Bow, Spear, and Staff); itself carrying forward the archaic etymology – per Pokorny, *pi-n-, meaning ‘Holzstück’ (‘Piece of Wood’), and likely related to *spei-, i.e. spike, pointed piece of wood (“wohl zu spei- , spitz, spitzes Holzstück’.”).

And, similarly, one readily finds words encompassing both ‘Arrow’ and ‘Spear’ – ‘Sṛka’, in Sanskrit, or, here, ‘Skeptron’ (“σκήψειεν”) in Ancient Greek. That latter one is, of course, more usually simply rendered as ‘staff’, although as applies a certain ‘Skeptron’ most definitely associated with Zeus (that being the one bestowed to Agamemnon), this indeed would appear to have been akin to a Spear (“Δόρυ ὀνομάζοντες”, ‘they speak of it a Spear’, as Pausanias helpfully informs us [IX 40 11]); however we shall save further elaboration upon this particular element for another piece. Suffice to say, there is very good reason for the weapon which is, in essence, Divine Law – to prove utilized by the Sky Father in the course of the Holy’s Upholding.

[As applies the texts of the image – Aeschylus’ Agamemnon, Smythe translation, available via Perseus, in their fancy new Scaife Viewer; I’ve done the highlighting myself, obviously]